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PHP Operators

PHP has different types of operators for different operations. They are as follows:

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations.

Name Operator Example
Addition + $x + $y
Subtraction - $x - $y
Multiplication * $x * $y
Division / $x / $y
Modulus % $x % $y
Exponentiation ** $x ** $y

2. Assignment Operators

These operators are used to assign values to variables.

Name Evaluated as
= a = b
+= a = a + b
-= a = a - b
*= a = a * b
/= a = a / b
%= a = a % b

3. Comparison Operators

These operators are used to compare two values.

Name Operator Example
Equal == $x == $y
Identical === $x === $y
Not equal != $x != $y
Not equal <> $x <> $y
Not Identical !== $x !== $y
Greater than > $x > $y
Less than < $x < $y
Greater than or equal to >= $x >= $y
Less than or equal to <= $x <= $y
Spaceship <=> $x <=> $y

4. PHP Increment/Decrement Operators

These operators are used to increment/decrement a variable's value.

Name Operator
Pre-Increment ++$x
Post-Increment $x++
Pre-decrement --$x
Post-decrement $x--

5. PHP Logical Operators

These are the logical operators that combine conditional statements.

Name Operator Example
And and $x and $y
Or or $x or $y
Xor xor $x xor $y
And && $x && $y
Or || $x || $y
Not ! !$x

6. PHP String Operators

PHP has these two operators designed for strings.

Name Operator Example
Concatenation . $text1 . $text2
Concatenation Assignment .= $text1 .= $text2

7. PHP Array Operators

These operators are used to compare arrays.

Name Operator Example
Union + $x + $y
Equality == $x == $y
Identity === $x === $y
Inequality != $x != $y
Inequality <> $x <> $y
Non-Identity !== $x !== $y

8. PHP Conditional Operators

These operators assign values to operands based on the outcome of a certain condition.

Name Operator Example
Ternary ?: $x = exp1 ? exp2 : exp3
Null Coalescing ?? $x = exp1 ?? exp2